مراجعة عامة في الانجليزية للثالثة ثانوي

GENERAL REVISION





I/ SPELLING


Nouns, verbs and adjectives can have the
following
endings :


Noun s/es (plural)

Books, ideas, matches

Verb s/es (after he, she, it)

Works, enjoys, washes

Verb ing

Working, enjoying, washing

Verb ed

Worked, enjoyed, washed

Adjective er (comparative)

Cheaper, quicker, brighter

Adjective est (superlative)

Cheapest, quickest, brightest

Adjective ly (adverb)

Cheaply, quickly, brightly



When we use these endings, there are sometimes
changes
in spelling:



Nouns

and verbs s/ es




The
ending is (es) when the word
ends in s, ss, sh, ch, x.


Example: bus/ buses miss/ misses wash/ washes
match/ matches box/ boxes



words
ending in (y) like baby, carry, easy:




if a word ends in a consonant (by,
ry, sy, vy, …):


(Y)
changes to (ie) before the ending (s):

Baby/ babies story/ stories try/ tries
country/ countries

(Y) changes to (i) before the ending (ed):

Hurry/ hurried study/studied apply/ applied

(Y)
changes to (i) before the endings (er and
est)

Easy/ easier, easiest lucky/ luckier, luckiest

(Y)
changes to (i) before the ending (ly)

Easy/ easily heavy/ heavily







(Y)
does not change
before (ing): hurriying tryinf

(Y)
does not change if the word ends in a vowel y (ay, ey, oy, uy)







An exception is : day/ daily, lay/
laid say/ said


Doubling
consonants: Sometimes, a word ends in
a vowel a consonant like in:


Stop, plan, wet, thin, slip, prefer, regret


Before the endings (ing, ed, er, est), we
double the
consonant:


Stop_stopped,
stopping; thin_ thinner, thinnest.


BUT we do not double (y) or (w) at the
end
of words: stay_stayed; grow_
growing.





II/SYLLABLE DIVISION/
SOME RULES



one
syllable word is never divides: example: ill

when
the word has a prefix, divide the word
between the root and the prefix:
eg: mis/use

when
the word has a suffix, divide between the
root and the suffix: fee/ly

when
two consonants come between two vowels, the word is divided after
the
first consonant: of/ten

when
a consonant comes between two vowels, the
word is divided before the
consonant: mu/sic

when
two vowels come together and are pronounced
separately, the word is
divided between the two vowels: radi/o

when
a vowel is sounded alone in a word, it
forms a syllable: e/vent

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